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Dictionary – O
- OIL HARDENING
- OIL-HARDENING STEEL
- OIL STAIN ALUMINUM
- OLSEN (DUCTILITY) TEST
- OPEN-HEARTH PROCESS
- OPEN SURFACE
- ORANGE PEEL
- ORE
- ORIENTATION
- OSCILLATED WOUND OR SCROLL WOUND
- OVERAGING
- OXIDATION
- OXIDE
- OXYGEN LANCE
OIL HARDENING
A process of hardening a ferrous alloy of suitable composition by heating within or above the transformation range and quenching in oil.
OIL-HARDENING STEEL
Steel adaptable to hardening by heat treatment and quenching in oil.
OIL STAIN ALUMINUM
Stain produced by the incomplete burning of the lubricants on the surface of the sheet. Rolling subsequent to staining will change color from darker browns to lighter browns down to white.
OLSEN (DUCTILITY) TEST
A method of measuring the ductility and drawing properties of strip or sheet metal which involves determination of the width and depth of impression. The test simulating a deep drawing operation is made by a standard steel ball under pressure, continuing until the cup formed from the metal sample fractures. Readings are in thousandths of an inch. This test is sometimes used to detect stretcher straining and indicates the surface finish after drawing, similar to the Erichsen ductility test.
OPEN-HEARTH PROCESS
Process of making steel by heating the metal in the hearth of a regenerative furnace. In the basic open-hearth steel process, the lining of the hearth is basic, usually magnesite; whereas in the acid open-hearth steel process, an acid material, silica, is used as the furnace lining and pig iron, extremely low in phosphorous(less than 0.04%), is the raw material charged in.
OPEN SURFACE
Rough surface on black plate, sheet or strip, resulting from imperfections in the original steel bars from which the plate was rolled.
ORANGE PEEL
(Effect) – A surface roughening (defect) encountered in forming products from metal stock that has a coarse grain size. It is due to uneven flow or to the appearance of the overly large grains usually the result of annealing at too high a temperature. Also referred to as “pebbles” and “alligator skin.”
ORE
A mineral from which metal is (or may be) extracted.
ORIENTATION
(Crystal) – Arrangement of certain crystal axes or crystal planes in a polycrystalline aggregate with respect to a given direction or plane. If there is any tendency for one arrangement to predominate, it is known as the preferred orientation. In the absence of any such preference, random orientation exists.
OSCILLATED WOUND OR SCROLL WOUND
A method of even winding metal strip or wire on to a reel or mandrel wherein the strands are uniformly overlapped. Sometimes termed “stagger wound” or “vibrated wound.” The opposite of ribbon wound.
OVERAGING
Aging under conditions of time and temperature greater than those required to obtain maximum strength.
OXIDATION
The addition of oxygen to a compound. Exposure to atmosphere sometimes results in oxidation of the exposed surface, hence a staining or discoloration. This effect is increased with temperature increase.
OXIDE
Compound of oxygen with another element.
OXYGEN LANCE
A length of pipe used to convey oxygen onto a bath of molten metal.